A while back I came across a helpful chart (p. 137) in Greg Beale’s commentary on 1-2 Thessalonians comparing Paul’s presentation of Jesus’ return in 1 Thess 4-5 and Jesus’ own presentation of the same event in Matthew 24.  Both pretribbers and non-pretribbers have pointed out the similarities, but seeing it in chart form is especially instructive, I think.  Here’s an adaptation of Beale’s chart:

The similarities are striking and bear important implications for the question of the timing of the rapture.  Several observations here:

1. It seems clear that in 1 Thessalonians 4-5 Paul is deliberately drawing from Christ’s teaching on the second coming.*  Both the details concerning the coming itself along with the statements about imminence and the importance of readiness align very closely.
2. Everyone agrees that the coming of Christ in Matthew 24:30-31 describes the second coming (as opposed to a pre-tribulation coming for the Church).  This is clear because:
   • The event is said in v. 29 to take place “after the tribulation of those days.”
   • It follows cataclysmic and cosmic disturbances (v. 29)
   • It will be visible to all the tribes of the earth (v. 30).
3. So if Paul in 1 Thess 4-5 is deliberately providing following the flow of events in Jesus’ sermon, then it seems clear that Paul understands that the coming of Christ described in 1 Thess 4:15-17 (the “rapture”) is the same event as the one that Jesus describes in Matthew 24:29-31 (the Second Coming).
4. That the church is not gathered to Jesus until the second coming is consistent with a couple of other details in these passages.
   • The Second Coming of Christ in glory following the tribulation in Matthew 24:29-31 is explicitly said by Jesus to be accompanied by a gathering of the saints (v. 31).  Paul agrees in 1 Thess 4:17.
   • The Second Coming of Christ in glory following the tribulation in Matthew 24:29-31 is explicitly said by Jesus to be something that will take people by surprise.  It will come as a thief upon those who are not prepared (v. 43; cf. vv. 36-50).  Again, Paul agrees in 1 Thess 5:2-3.

So I conclude that the flow of Paul’s exposition in 1 Thess 4-5, when compared to Jesus’ eschatological discourse in Matthew 24, makes a strong case for the post-trib rapture.  To read a rapture into Matthew 24 separate from the coming of Jesus in glory in vv. 29-31 is to violate the clear and plain meaning of the text.  And to argue that the rapture of God’s people in 1 Thessalonians 4:15-17 is anything other than the Second Coming of Jesus in glory is to ignore the implication of the clear parallels between 1 Thess 4-5 and Matthew 24.

*NOTE: Since 1 Thess was probably written before Matthew, I’m assuming that Paul had access to a pre-Matthean oral or written form of Christ’s teaching in the Olivet Discourse.